Updated: Question in GATE 2012 Civil Engineering Paper with Solution

A question in GATE 2012 Civil Engineering Paper with Solution has been updated:

Steady state seepage is taking place through a soil element at Q, 2 m below the ground surface immediately downstream of the toe of an earthen dam as shown in the sketch. The water level in a piezometer installed at P, 500 mm above Q, is at the ground surface. The water level in a piezometer installed at R. 500 mm below Q is 100 mm above the ground surface. The bulk saturated unit weight of the soil is 18kN / and the unit weight of water is 9.81kN / . The vertical effective stress (in kPa) at Q is

1. 18.34
2. 15.89
3. 14.42
4. 16.38