GATE 2012 Life Scinces Paper with Solution

If

One of the parts (A, B, C, D) in the sentence given below contains an ERROR. Which one of the following is INCORRECT?

I requested that he should be given the driving test today instead of tomorrow.

Which one of the following options is the closest in meaning to the word given below?

Latitude

Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following sentence:

Given the seriousness of the situation that he had to face, his _____ was impressive.

Choose the most appropriate alternative from the options given below to complete the following sentence:

If the tired soldier wanted to lie down, he ______ the mattress out on the balcony.

One of the legacies of the Roman legions was discipline. In the legions, military law prevailed and discipline was brutal. Discipline on the battlefield kept units obedient, intact and fighting, even when the odds and conditions were against them.

Which one of the following statements best sums up the meaning of the above passage?

A and B are friends. They decide to meet between 1 PM and 2 PM on a given day. There is a condition that whoever arrives first will not wait for the other for more than 15 minutes. The probability that they will meet on that day is

The data given in the following table summarizes the monthly budget of an average household.

There are eight bags of rice looking alike, seven of which have equal weight and one is slightly heavier. The weighing balance is of unlimited capacity. Using this balance, the minimum number of weighings required to identify the heavier bag is

Raju has 14 currency notes in his pocket consisting of only Rs. 20 notes and Rs. 10 notes. The total money value of the notes is Rs. 230. The number of Rs. 10 notes that Raju has is

Among the following, the most reactive diene in the Diels-Alder reaction is

The molecule that does NOT absorb the microwave radiation is

The hybridization of atomic orbitals of sulphur in is

The ionic size of varies as

The non-aromatic compound/ion is

As predicted by MO theory, the bond order and magnetic nature of are

The value of ionic product of water changes with temperature. It is at 25 and at 60 . The CORRECT statement with respect to is

10 micrograms of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (molecular weight = 30,000 g/mole) removes 300 milligrams of carbon dioxide per minute from the cells. The turnover number of the enzyme is

The iodide which reacts most slowly with cyanide ion as a nucleophile in a reaction is

The value of of acetic acid is . The pH of a buffer solution prepared by mixing 100 ml of 0.1 M acetic acid with a solution of 100 ml of 0.2 M sodium acetate is

The value of standard half cell potential of , Cu couple is 0.34 V. A wire of pure copper is immersed into a solution of copper nitrate. If the measured cell potential against standard hydrogen electrode at 298 K is 0.24 V, the molar concentration of copper nitrate is Assume activity of .

Common Data for Questions 22 and 23:

The order of values of crystal field stabilization energy is

The order of values of spin only magnetic moment is

Statement for Linked Answer Questions 24 and 25:

Bromine water is decolourised upon reaction with (E)-3-hexene.

It is due to

The structure of the product obtained is

Four proteins (P1, P2, P3 and P4) have 17, 10, 21 and 14 percent hydrophobic amino-acids respectively. The order of precipitation of these proteins using ammonium sulphate will be

Which one of the following pairs of amino-acids in the protein has high propensity to take up the -helix conformation?

Which one of the following closely defines ‘Molten Globule’ state of a protein?

Which one of the following amino-acids has highest fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous solution?

Which one of the following compounds does NOT block electron transport?

The pair of amino-acids which does NOT undergo post-translational modification is

Match the hormones in Group I with their metabolic precursor in Group II

Group I	Group II
P. 17- estradiol	1. Arachidonic acid
Q. Thromboxane A2	2. Tyrosine
R. Epinephrine	3. -carotene
S. Retinoic acid	4. Cholesterol

Upon stimulation of a eukaryotic cell, the intracellular calcium is released from

Leguminous plants maintain a very low concentration of free oxygen in their root nodules because

The membrane of mature B cells have

An amino-acid has one proton donating group in the side chain®. The values for this amino-acid are 2.19, 9.67 and 4.25, respectively. Which one of the following statements about this amino-acid is CORRECT?

Which one of the following bacterial toxins does NOT have ADP-ribosyl transferase activity?

The CORRECT pair of amino-acid sequence and the corresponding target organelle is

Pick the correctly matched pairs.

The actual free energy change of a given biochemical reaction carried out under standard conditions with 1 M initial concentration of each of the reactants and products will be

Match the enzymes in Group I with their corresponding activity in Group II

Match the antibiotics in Group I with their mechanism of action in Group II

The kinetics of an enzyme in the presence (+I) or absence (-I) of a reversible inhibitor is described in the following graph.

The figure below is a schematic of a linear double stranded DNA containing the indicated restriction sites. The DNA was completely digested with PvuII and EcoRI. The products were purified and added to an appropriately buffered reaction mixture containing dNTP mix, P dATP, and Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I. The Klenow reaction products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Which of the following products depicts the expected result?

The swollen base of a petiole is known as

An estimate of phylogenetic relationships among the taxa is commonly represented in the form of a

Parenchyma cells associated with sieve tube members are called

Cytoplasmic male sterility via the chloroplast genome can be induced by the expression of Pha A gene encoding

The number of nucleosomes present in a 30 nm solenoid structure of a chromatin is

Which one of the following performs normal photosynthesis when water is available, but switches to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) during salt or drought stress?

Which one of the following is a free-living photosynthetic nitrogen fixer?

Carbon dioxide and other ‘greenhouse gases’ act by

Which of the following best represents the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

Which one of the following drugs is obtained from the capsule of Papaver somniferum?

Which of the following statements are TRUE for plant growth regulators?

P. The release of cellulase and polygalacturonase into the cell wall is promoted by abscissic acid
Q. The early biosynthetic steps of gibberellic acid, up to the formation of ent-kaurene take place in the plastid
R. The naturally occurring zeatin belongs to the aromatic group of cytokinins
S. Induction of protease inhibitors as a result of wounding and pathogen attack is activated by jasmonic acid

Which of the following statements are TRUE for the transposable elements?

P. Barbara McClintock discovered the autonomous and non-autonomous transposable elements in Maize
Q. Variations in flower pigmentation in Antirhinum are due to the presence of transposable elements Ac and Ds
R. The Ac transposable element is 4563 bp long and has an 11 bp inverted repeats
S. Ds produces the transposase and mobilize the Ac elements

Match the recombinant proteins produced through molecular farming with their applications.

Recombinant proteins	Applications
P. Hirudine	1. HIV therapy
Q. Trichosanthin	2. Anticoagulant
R. Somatotrophin	3. Growth hormone
S. -Interferon	4. Hypertension
	5. Cystic fibrosis
	6. Treatment for hepatitis-B

Which of the following statements are CORRECT for somatic cell hybridization?

P. For fusion of protoplast, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a fusogen
Q. The enzyme ‘Cellulase Onozuka’ used for protoplast isolation is sourced from Trichoderma viride
R. The first report of somatic hybrid plants resulted from the fusion of protoplasts of Nicotiana glauca and N. tabacum
S. Viability of isolated protoplasts can be determined by Evan’s blue staining

Which of the following statements are TRUE on transgene approach?

P. T-DNA integration occurs mainly through non-homologous recombination
Q. The Gateway cloning depends on recombination technology as opposed to standard uses of restriction enzymes and DNA ligase
R. The localization of -glucuronidase (GUS) activity as a result of expression of GUS reporter gene can be visualized in a histochemical assay using the X-gal
S. The green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) is isolated from the bacterium Photinus pyralis

Identify the free radicals (marked as ‘?’) in sequence from the inter-conversion of reactive oxygen species as shown below.

With respect to adhesion and cohesion of stamens, identify the INCORRECT statements.

P. Adnation of stamens to petals is described as epiphyllous stamens
Q. In Calotropis, stamens and carpels are united to form gynostegium
R. In syngenesious stamens, filaments are united to form a bundle while the anthers are free
S. Synandrous stamens found in Cucurbita represent the union of filaments as well as anthers

Identify the CORRECT statements in plant secondary metabolism.

P. Tropane alkaloids in Atropa belladonna are synthesized from tyrosine
Q. Antioxidative food ingredient rosmarinic acid is obtained from cell suspension cultures of Coleus blumei
R. Thiophenes are produced from hairy root cultures of Tagetes patula
S. Cyanidin, the principal anthocyanin responsible for red color in Rosa hybrida is produced from cinnamaldehyde

Which of the following statements are TRUE for respiration?

P. The conversion of one molecule of pyruvate to three molecules of generates four molecules of NADH
Q. Fructose 6-phospate is the principal substrate for glycolysis
R. The oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate is the first step in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway
S. The mitochondrial ‘alternative oxidase’ provides an alternative pathway for transfer of electrons from ubiquinone to oxygen utilizing proton pumping complex of the respiratory chain

Match the name of the disease with the causal organism.

Which ONE of the following components is NOT an electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration?

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology groups bacteria into species according to their

An auxotrophic mutant arises spontaneously in a wild type E.coli culture growing in a rich medium. Which ONE of the following techniques will ensure the isolation of the auxotrophic mutant?

Which ONE of the following mutants is used to carry out genetic analysis to determine the function of an essential gene?

An E.coli mutant constitutive for the lac operon was mated with a wild type strain. The merodiploid thus obtained was inducible by lactose. This observation indicates that the original mutation is

A rich medium is inoculated with a bacterium that divides every 30 minutes. The number of bacteria at the end of 50 hours is

Which ONE of the following statements about E.coli is NOT true ?

Antibody coated pathogens are recognized by effector cells through

Match the disease in Group I with their corresponding organism in Group II

Select the technique most appropriate to demonstrate that lactose induces the synthesis of -galactosidase enzyme.

Frederick Griffith used smooth (S) and rough® strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in his classical experiment that showed DNA might be the genetic element. Which ONE of the following observations gave the clue for this discovery?

Entry of phage lysogen to lytic phase is triggered by

Match the Phylum in Group I with their characteristic motility appendage listed in Group II

Ten bacteria were inoculated into a rich medium. If at the end of ten hours the total number of cells is , then the number of elapsed generations and the generation time respectively is

The first step in the replication of a virus with the reverse transcriptase deals with the synthesis of

An E.coli mutant defective for an enzyme is unable to grow on acetate but grows on glycerol as the sole carbon source. Which ONE of the following enzymes is likely to be defective in this mutant?

Which one of the following pairs of bacterial species fixes atmospheric Nitrogen?

Nalidixic acid inhibits gyrase activity. Resistance to this antibiotic arises mainly due to

Transformation of normal cyanobacterial cells into heterocysts involves

Methane belched (eructation) out by cattle arises from the carbon dioxide produced

Trees in the equatorial region of earth supply oxygen into the atmosphere that sustains species living in distant polar regions. This relationship is called as

A swimmer is preparing to swim ‘non-stop’ across the English channel (a distance of 34 kilometers). Consumption of which of the following category of food/s should the swimmer increase to accomplish this feat?

Some species of beetles and fishes can survive at sub freezing temperature. They accomplish this by maintaining cellular integrity using one of the following mechanisms.

Zygotic genes required for the formation of a group of adjacent segment in the developing Drosophila embryo is called

A typical receptor senses extracellular stimuli by virtue of its localization on plasma membrane. The receptor to which of the following ligands is an exception to this rule?

The relationship between genes and enzymes was first suggested by the discovery of

The blind spot in the retina is blind because of which of the following reasons?

Lamprey, a jawless fish, belongs to which one of the following ‘Classes’?

Chorionic gonadotropin plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and is synthesized in the placenta of

Glucose and hexanoic acid, each having six carbon atoms can undergo complete biological oxidation. In terms of net ATP generation, which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Match the following evolutionary biologists with their respective theory

A female cat with a mutant phenotype was bred with a wild-type male cat. All progeny (4 males and 4 females) show the mutant phenotype. On the other hand, all progeny (4 males and 4 females) from the reciprocal cross between a mutant male and a wild-type female show the wild-type phenotype. Which of the following explain the inheritance pattern of the mutation?

If all the nucleotides have equal probability of occurrence in a 4 Mbp long DNA sequence, then how many times will the site of EcoRI, restriction endonuclease occur?

Seasonally breeding animals and birds measure the day length, i.e. photoperiod and use these measurements as predictive information to prepare themselves for breeding. Besides melatonin, which of the following hormones is involved in this biological process?

Red-Green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. In a population which is in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the incidence of occurrence of this in males is 1:1000. What will be the expected incidence of affected homozygous females?

Golgi apparatus is also termed as cellular post office, since it packages and transports cellular proteins across various organelles and outside the cell. In general, the Golgi is perinuclear in location and is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. A chemical compound, Monensin inhibits all trafficking from Golgi. If Golgi is visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy after treatment with this compound, the Golgi will be

In an individual, three distinct proteins bind oxygen depending on the location and development stage. While hemoglobin is the major oxygen binding protein in adults, myoglobin is present in skeletal muscles and fetal hemoglobin is present in fetal stage only. The following graph shows the oxygen binding capacity of these proteins. The A, B and C plots represent oxygen binding capacity of

A patient comes with symptoms of autonomic hemolysis. The diagnostic tests reveal that he has auto-antibodies to red blood cells (RBCs). Which one of the following mechanisms is the cause of this condition?

The nerve impulse at the neuromuscular junction results in discharge of acetylcholine (Ach) from its vesicles into the synaptic cleft. Ach gets degraded by acetylcholine esterase and is present in which one of the following locations?

Increasing estradiol (E2) hormone from ovarian follicles prior to ovulation has been hypothesized to play a critical role for induction of pheromones. These pheromones render females sexually receptive to males to facilitate mating. An investigator performs experiments in sheep in which females are gonadectomized, then treated with E2 or vehicle alone and allowed to breed. Which one of the findings listed below will validate the hypothesis that pheromones are induced by E2?

Among the following fatty acids, which group is known as essential fatty acids?

Cellulose, the structural polysaccharide of plant, is a polymer of

The important role of carotenoids in the human diet is their ability to serve as precursors of

Which one of the following microorganisms is used in the preparation of bread?

Which one of the microorganisms given below is NOT RESPONSIBLE for ropy or stringy fermentation of milk?

A mild heat treatment of foods that destroys pathogens and extends its shelf life is called

The most common and least expensive plastic film used for packaging of solid food materials is

Reassociation of amylose and formation of crystalline structure upon cooling of cooked starch solution is termed as

Thermal destruction of microorganisms follows a kinetics of

100 kg tomato juice containing 5% Total Solids (w/w) is concentrated to 25% Total Solids (w/w). The total amount of water removed from tomato juice in kg is

Which one of the following is NOT A CORRECT statement?

The following plot represents the Lineweaver-Burk equation of an enzymatic reaction both in the presence and the absence of inhibitor. Here, V is the velocity of reaction and S is the substrate concentration.

Make the correct match of the food constituents in Group I with their nature given in Group II.

Make the correct match of the fermented food products in Group I with the microorganisms in Group II.

Match the following between organelle or cellular components of a bacterium cell in Group I with the constituents and functionalities in Group II.

Thermal death time (TDT) of Clostridium botulinum at 121 is 2.78 min with a z-value of . The TDT of the microorganism at (in min) is

Make the correct match between specific food processing operations in Group I with their mechanism of action in Group II.

650 g of a wet food containing 405 g water is dried in a tray dryer to a final moisture content of 6.8 % (dry basis). It is observed that the drying process occurs under constant rate period and it takes 8 h. The rate of drying (in kg/h) is

Air at 1 atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) and with absolute humidity of 0.0218 kg/kg of dry air is flowing in a drying chamber. The saturated vapor pressure of water is related to temperature as given below

The relative humidity of air (in percentage) is

The total solids content in a milk sample is 18 %. It is desired to produce 1000 kg of sweetened condensed milk (SCM) having 40 % sugar, 25 % moisture and rest milk solids. What is the ‘Sugar Ratio’ (in percentage) in the SCM in terms of sugar and water content in the final product?